Merge pull request #326 from Psychotoxical/fix/loudness-lufs-and-analysis-cpu-seed-queue

fix(analysis,waveform): stabilize LUFS loop, serialize CPU seed work, and introduce mixed mean/peak waveform bins

src-tauri/src/analysis_cache.rs

@@ -14,9 +14,18 @@ use symphonia::core::meta::MetadataOptions;
 use symphonia::core::probe::Hint;
 use tauri::Manager;
 
-pub const WAVEFORM_ALGO_VERSION: i64 = 3;
+pub const WAVEFORM_ALGO_VERSION: i64 = 4;
 pub const LOUDNESS_ALGO_VERSION: i64 = 1;
 
+/// Bins in waveform BLOB: `2 * bin_count` bytes (peak u8, then mean-abs u8 per time bin).
+pub fn waveform_cache_blob_len_ok(bins: &[u8], bin_count: i64) -> bool {
+    if bin_count <= 0 {
+        return false;
+    }
+    let n = bin_count as usize;
+    bins.len() == n.saturating_mul(2)
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct TrackKey {
     pub track_id: String,
@@ -200,8 +209,9 @@ impl AnalysisCache {
 
     pub fn get_waveform(&self, key: &TrackKey) -> Result<Option<WaveformEntry>, String> {
         let conn = self.conn.lock().map_err(|_| "analysis_cache lock poisoned".to_string())?;
-        conn.query_row(
-            r#"
+        let row = conn
+            .query_row(
+                r#"
             SELECT w.bins, w.bin_count, w.is_partial, w.known_until_sec, w.duration_sec, w.updated_at
             FROM waveform_cache w
             JOIN analysis_track a
@@ -211,20 +221,21 @@ impl AnalysisCache {
               AND w.md5_16kb = ?2
               AND a.waveform_algo_version = ?3
             "#,
-            params![key.track_id, key.md5_16kb, WAVEFORM_ALGO_VERSION],
-            |row| {
-                Ok(WaveformEntry {
-                    bins: row.get(0)?,
-                    bin_count: row.get(1)?,
-                    is_partial: row.get::<_, i64>(2)? != 0,
-                    known_until_sec: row.get(3)?,
-                    duration_sec: row.get(4)?,
-                    updated_at: row.get(5)?,
-                })
-            },
-        )
-        .optional()
-        .map_err(|e| e.to_string())
+                params![key.track_id, key.md5_16kb, WAVEFORM_ALGO_VERSION],
+                |row| {
+                    Ok(WaveformEntry {
+                        bins: row.get(0)?,
+                        bin_count: row.get(1)?,
+                        is_partial: row.get::<_, i64>(2)? != 0,
+                        known_until_sec: row.get(3)?,
+                        duration_sec: row.get(4)?,
+                        updated_at: row.get(5)?,
+                    })
+                },
+            )
+            .optional()
+            .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+        Ok(row.filter(|e| waveform_cache_blob_len_ok(&e.bins, e.bin_count)))
     }
 
     pub fn get_latest_waveform_for_track(&self, track_id: &str) -> Result<Option<WaveformEntry>, String> {
@@ -258,8 +269,10 @@ impl AnalysisCache {
                 )
                 .optional()
                 .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
-            if row.is_some() {
-                return Ok(row);
+            if let Some(e) = row {
+                if waveform_cache_blob_len_ok(&e.bins, e.bin_count) {
+                    return Ok(Some(e));
+                }
             }
         }
         Ok(None)
@@ -315,7 +328,7 @@ pub fn recommended_gain_for_target(integrated_lufs: f64, true_peak: f64, target_
     recommended_gain_db.clamp(-24.0, 24.0)
 }
 
-/// Result of [`seed_from_bytes`]: callers use it to avoid redundant UI events.
+/// Result of [`seed_from_bytes_execute`] / CPU seed queue: callers use it to avoid redundant UI events.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum SeedFromBytesOutcome {
     /// Wrote waveform (and loudness when PCM decode succeeded).
@@ -326,7 +339,9 @@ pub enum SeedFromBytesOutcome {
     SkippedNoAnalysisCache,
 }
 
-pub fn seed_from_bytes(
+/// Full Symphonia + (optional) EBU decode for waveform + loudness. Call only from the
+/// single CPU-seed worker in `lib.rs` (`spawn_blocking`) so at most one heavy decode runs.
+pub fn seed_from_bytes_execute(
     app: &tauri::AppHandle,
     track_id: &str,
     bytes: &[u8],
@@ -454,8 +469,8 @@ fn derive_waveform_bins(bytes: &[u8], bin_count: usize) -> Vec<u8> {
     if bin_count == 0 || bytes.is_empty() {
         return Vec::new();
     }
-    let mut out = vec![0u8; bin_count];
-    for (i, slot) in out.iter_mut().enumerate() {
+    let mut peak_half = vec![0u8; bin_count];
+    for (i, slot) in peak_half.iter_mut().enumerate() {
         let start = i * bytes.len() / bin_count;
         let end = ((i + 1) * bytes.len() / bin_count).max(start + 1).min(bytes.len());
         let mut peak: u8 = 0;
@@ -467,6 +482,8 @@ fn derive_waveform_bins(bytes: &[u8], bin_count: usize) -> Vec<u8> {
         }
         *slot = ((peak as f32 / 127.0).sqrt().clamp(0.0, 1.0) * 255.0) as u8;
     }
+    let mut out = peak_half.clone();
+    out.extend_from_slice(&peak_half);
     out
 }
 
@@ -618,6 +635,8 @@ fn decode_scan_pcm(
     };
 
     let mut bin_max = vec![0.0f32; bin_count];
+    let mut bin_sum = vec![0.0f32; bin_count];
+    let mut bin_n = vec![0u32; bin_count];
     let mut ebu: Option<EbuR128> = None;
     let mut ebu_channels: u32 = 0;
     let mut sample_peak_abs = 0.0_f64;
@@ -693,6 +712,8 @@ fn decode_scan_pcm(
                 let bin = ((sample_idx * bin_count as u64) / bin_grid_frames) as usize;
                 let bin = bin.min(bin_count.saturating_sub(1));
                 bin_max[bin] = bin_max[bin].max(mag);
+                bin_sum[bin] += mag;
+                bin_n[bin] = bin_n[bin].saturating_add(1);
             }
             for c in 0..n_ch {
                 let v = (slice[base + c] as f64).abs();
@@ -721,7 +742,17 @@ fn decode_scan_pcm(
         }
     }
 
-    let bins = normalize_peak_bins(&bin_max);
+    let mut bin_mean = vec![0.0f32; bin_count];
+    for i in 0..bin_count {
+        if bin_n[i] > 0 {
+            bin_mean[i] = bin_sum[i] / (bin_n[i] as f32);
+        }
+    }
+    let peak_u8 = normalize_peak_bins(&bin_max);
+    let mean_u8 = normalize_peak_bins(&bin_mean);
+    let mut bins = Vec::with_capacity(peak_u8.len().saturating_mul(2));
+    bins.extend_from_slice(&peak_u8);
+    bins.extend_from_slice(&mean_u8);
 
     let loudness = if let Some(target_lufs) = loudness_target_lufs {
         if !fed_any_frames {

src-tauri/src/audio.rs

@@ -31,13 +31,6 @@ struct PartialLoudnessPayload {
     is_partial: bool,
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Serialize)]
-#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
-struct WaveformUpdatedPayload {
-    track_id: String,
-    is_partial: bool,
-}
-
 #[derive(Clone, Serialize)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
 struct NormalizationStatePayload {
@@ -46,6 +39,61 @@ struct NormalizationStatePayload {
     target_lufs: f32,
 }
 
+/// Last `audio:normalization-state` emit, kept so we can suppress duplicate
+/// payloads. The frontend already debounces this event, but on Windows
+/// (WebView2) the IPC pipe is the bottleneck — every echo we skip here is
+/// renderer-thread time we don't pay.
+static LAST_NORM_STATE_EMIT: OnceLock<Mutex<Option<NormalizationStatePayload>>> = OnceLock::new();
+
+fn norm_state_lock() -> &'static Mutex<Option<NormalizationStatePayload>> {
+    LAST_NORM_STATE_EMIT.get_or_init(|| Mutex::new(None))
+}
+
+fn norm_state_changed(prev: &NormalizationStatePayload, next: &NormalizationStatePayload) -> bool {
+    if prev.engine != next.engine { return true; }
+    if (prev.target_lufs - next.target_lufs).abs() >= 0.02 { return true; }
+    match (prev.current_gain_db, next.current_gain_db) {
+        (None, None) => false,
+        (Some(a), Some(b)) => (a - b).abs() >= 0.05,
+        _ => true, // None ↔ Some transition is significant
+    }
+}
+
+fn maybe_emit_normalization_state(app: &AppHandle, payload: NormalizationStatePayload) {
+    let mut guard = norm_state_lock().lock().unwrap();
+    let should_emit = match guard.as_ref() {
+        Some(prev) => norm_state_changed(prev, &payload),
+        None => true,
+    };
+    if !should_emit { return; }
+    *guard = Some(payload.clone());
+    drop(guard);
+    let _ = app.emit("audio:normalization-state", payload);
+}
+
+/// Last `analysis:loudness-partial` gain emitted per track-identity, used to
+/// suppress emits whose gain hasn't moved meaningfully (≥ 0.1 dB). The partial
+/// heuristic in `emit_partial_loudness_from_bytes` and the ranged-progress curve
+/// both produce values that drift by hundredths of a dB even on identical input,
+/// so the time-based throttle alone is not enough to keep the loop quiet.
+static LAST_PARTIAL_LOUDNESS_EMIT: OnceLock<Mutex<std::collections::HashMap<String, f32>>> = OnceLock::new();
+const PARTIAL_LOUDNESS_DELTA_THRESHOLD_DB: f32 = 0.1;
+
+fn partial_loudness_should_emit(track_key: &str, gain_db: f32) -> bool {
+    let mut guard = LAST_PARTIAL_LOUDNESS_EMIT
+        .get_or_init(|| Mutex::new(std::collections::HashMap::new()))
+        .lock()
+        .unwrap();
+    let prev = guard.get(track_key).copied();
+    if let Some(p) = prev {
+        if (p - gain_db).abs() < PARTIAL_LOUDNESS_DELTA_THRESHOLD_DB {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    guard.insert(track_key.to_string(), gain_db);
+    true
+}
+
 
 // ─── 10-Band Graphic Equalizer ────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
@@ -473,6 +521,10 @@ const TRACK_STREAM_MIN_BUF_CAPACITY: usize = 1024 * 1024;
 const TRACK_STREAM_MAX_BUF_CAPACITY: usize = 32 * 1024 * 1024;
 /// Max bytes kept in memory to promote a completed streamed track for fast replay/seek recovery.
 const TRACK_STREAM_PROMOTE_MAX_BYTES: usize = 64 * 1024 * 1024;
+/// Hot/offline `psysonic-local://` files are read from disk for waveform/LUFS seeding — not the
+/// same heap pressure as retaining a full HTTP capture. FLAC/DSD tracks often exceed 64 MiB;
+/// using the stream-promote cap here skipped analysis entirely (empty seekbar).
+const LOCAL_FILE_PLAYBACK_SEED_MAX_BYTES: usize = 512 * 1024 * 1024;
 /// Consecutive body-stream failures tolerated for track streaming before abort.
 const TRACK_STREAM_MAX_RECONNECTS: u32 = 3;
 /// Seconds at stall threshold while paused before hard-disconnect.
@@ -1171,22 +1223,15 @@ async fn track_download_task(
         if !capture_over_limit && !capture.is_empty() {
             if let Some(track_id) = cache_track_id {
                 crate::app_deprintln!(
-                    "[stream] legacy stream: capture complete track_id={} capture_mib={:.2} — invoking full-track analysis (blocks until seed_from_bytes returns)",
+                    "[stream] legacy stream: capture complete track_id={} capture_mib={:.2} — full-track analysis (cpu-seed queue)",
                     track_id,
                     capture.len() as f64 / (1024.0 * 1024.0)
                 );
-                match crate::analysis_cache::seed_from_bytes(&app, &track_id, &capture) {
-                    Err(e) => crate::app_eprintln!("[analysis] track seed failed for {}: {}", track_id, e),
-                    Ok(crate::analysis_cache::SeedFromBytesOutcome::Upserted) => {
-                        let _ = app.emit(
-                            "analysis:waveform-updated",
-                            WaveformUpdatedPayload {
-                                track_id: track_id.clone(),
-                                is_partial: false,
-                            },
-                        );
-                    }
-                    Ok(_) => {}
+                let high = analysis_seed_high_priority_for_track(&app, &track_id);
+                if let Err(e) =
+                    crate::submit_analysis_cpu_seed(app.clone(), track_id.clone(), capture.clone(), high).await
+                {
+                    crate::app_eprintln!("[analysis] track seed failed for {}: {}", track_id, e);
                 }
             }
             *promote_cache_slot.lock().unwrap() = Some(PreloadedTrack {
@@ -1219,7 +1264,25 @@ async fn ranged_download_task(
     normalization_target_lufs: Arc<AtomicU32>,
     loudness_pre_analysis_attenuation_db: Arc<AtomicU32>,
     cache_track_id: Option<String>,
+    // When `Some`, ranged playback seeds on completion — defer HTTP backfill for that
+    // track; `None` for large files where ranged skips seed (needs backfill).
+    loudness_seed_hold: Option<Arc<Mutex<Option<(String, u64)>>>>,
 ) {
+    let _ranged_loudness_hold_clear = match (loudness_seed_hold.as_ref(), cache_track_id.as_ref()) {
+        (Some(slot), Some(tid)) => {
+            let t = tid.clone();
+            {
+                let mut g = slot.lock().unwrap();
+                *g = Some((t.clone(), gen));
+            }
+            Some(RangedLoudnessSeedHoldClear {
+                slot: Arc::clone(slot),
+                tid: t,
+                gen,
+            })
+        }
+        _ => None,
+    };
     let total_size = buf.lock().unwrap().len();
     let mut downloaded: usize = 0;
     let mut reconnects: u32 = 0;
@@ -1313,15 +1376,18 @@ async fn ranged_download_task(
                     if let Some(provisional_db) =
                         provisional_loudness_gain_from_progress(downloaded, total_size, target_lufs, start_db)
                     {
-                        let _ = app.emit(
-                            "analysis:loudness-partial",
-                            PartialLoudnessPayload {
-                                track_id: playback_identity(&url),
-                                gain_db: provisional_db,
-                                target_lufs,
-                                is_partial: true,
-                            },
-                        );
+                        let track_key = playback_identity(&url).unwrap_or_else(|| url.clone());
+                        if partial_loudness_should_emit(&track_key, provisional_db) {
+                            let _ = app.emit(
+                                "analysis:loudness-partial",
+                                PartialLoudnessPayload {
+                                    track_id: playback_identity(&url),
+                                    gain_db: provisional_db,
+                                    target_lufs,
+                                    is_partial: true,
+                                },
+                            );
+                        }
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -1357,7 +1423,7 @@ async fn ranged_download_task(
     if downloaded == total_size && total_size > 0 && total_size <= TRACK_STREAM_PROMOTE_MAX_BYTES {
         if let Some(ref tid) = cache_track_id {
             crate::app_deprintln!(
-                "[stream] ranged: HTTP buffer full track_id={} size_mib={:.2} — cloning {} bytes then full-track analysis (blocks this download task until complete)",
+                "[stream] ranged: HTTP buffer full track_id={} size_mib={:.2} — cloning {} bytes then full-track analysis (cpu-seed queue; this task awaits completion)",
                 tid,
                 total_size as f64 / (1024.0 * 1024.0),
                 total_size
@@ -1372,18 +1438,9 @@ async fn ranged_download_task(
             );
         }
         if let Some(track_id) = cache_track_id {
-            match crate::analysis_cache::seed_from_bytes(&app, &track_id, &data) {
-                Err(e) => crate::app_eprintln!("[analysis] ranged seed failed for {}: {}", track_id, e),
-                Ok(crate::analysis_cache::SeedFromBytesOutcome::Upserted) => {
-                    let _ = app.emit(
-                        "analysis:waveform-updated",
-                        WaveformUpdatedPayload {
-                            track_id: track_id.clone(),
-                            is_partial: false,
-                        },
-                    );
-                }
-                Ok(_) => {}
+            let high = analysis_seed_high_priority_for_track(&app, &track_id);
+            if let Err(e) = crate::submit_analysis_cpu_seed(app.clone(), track_id.clone(), data.clone(), high).await {
+                crate::app_eprintln!("[analysis] ranged seed failed for {}: {}", track_id, e);
             }
         }
         *promote_cache_slot.lock().unwrap() = Some(PreloadedTrack { url, data });
@@ -1420,6 +1477,16 @@ fn emit_partial_loudness_from_bytes(
         pre_floor.max(heuristic_floor)
     };
     let gain_db = (-(mb * 0.7)).max(floor_db).min(0.0);
+    let track_key = playback_identity(url).unwrap_or_else(|| url.to_string());
+    if !partial_loudness_should_emit(&track_key, gain_db as f32) {
+        crate::app_deprintln!(
+            "[normalization] partial-loudness skip reason=delta-below-threshold gain_db={:.2} threshold_db={:.2} track_id={:?}",
+            gain_db,
+            PARTIAL_LOUDNESS_DELTA_THRESHOLD_DB,
+            playback_identity(url)
+        );
+        return;
+    }
     crate::app_deprintln!(
         "[normalization] partial-loudness emit bytes={} gain_db={:.2} target_lufs={:.2} track_id={:?}",
         bytes.len(),
@@ -2217,6 +2284,12 @@ pub struct AudioEngine {
     /// Subsonic song id last passed from JS with `audio_play` (trimmed). Used
     /// for loudness/waveform cache when the URL is `psysonic-local://…`.
     pub(crate) current_analysis_track_id: Arc<Mutex<Option<String>>>,
+    /// While a `RangedHttpSource` download task is filling the buffer for this
+    /// `(track_id, play_generation)`, skip `analysis_enqueue_seed_from_url` for the
+    /// same id — otherwise a parallel full GET + Symphonia competes with playback
+    /// decode (ALSA underruns). The ranged task clears this on exit; `gen` avoids a
+    /// late drop clearing a newer play of the same track.
+    pub(crate) ranged_loudness_seed_hold: Arc<Mutex<Option<(String, u64)>>>,
 }
 
 pub struct AudioCurrent {
@@ -2491,11 +2564,63 @@ pub fn create_engine() -> (AudioEngine, std::thread::JoinHandle<()>) {
         radio_state: Mutex::new(None),
         current_playback_url: Arc::new(Mutex::new(None)),
         current_analysis_track_id: Arc::new(Mutex::new(None)),
+        ranged_loudness_seed_hold: Arc::new(Mutex::new(None)),
     };
 
     (engine, thread)
 }
 
+/// Clears [`AudioEngine::ranged_loudness_seed_hold`] only if it still matches this play.
+struct RangedLoudnessSeedHoldClear {
+    slot: Arc<Mutex<Option<(String, u64)>>>,
+    tid: String,
+    gen: u64,
+}
+
+impl Drop for RangedLoudnessSeedHoldClear {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        if let Ok(mut g) = self.slot.lock() {
+            if matches!(&*g, Some((t, gen)) if t == &self.tid && *gen == self.gen) {
+                *g = None;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// `analysis_enqueue_seed_from_url` should bail while this track's ranged HTTP buffer
+/// is still filling — playback will seed on completion with the same bytes.
+pub(crate) fn ranged_loudness_backfill_should_defer(engine: &AudioEngine, track_id: &str) -> bool {
+    let tid = track_id.trim();
+    if tid.is_empty() {
+        return false;
+    }
+    let Ok(g) = engine.ranged_loudness_seed_hold.lock() else {
+        return false;
+    };
+    matches!(&*g, Some((t, _)) if t.as_str() == tid)
+}
+
+/// Subsonic id pinned for the playing source (`audio_play`). Used to prioritize
+/// HTTP loudness backfill for the track the user is listening to.
+pub(crate) fn analysis_track_id_is_current_playback(engine: &AudioEngine, track_id: &str) -> bool {
+    let needle = track_id.trim();
+    if needle.is_empty() {
+        return false;
+    }
+    let Ok(guard) = engine.current_analysis_track_id.lock() else {
+        return false;
+    };
+    let Some(cur) = guard.as_deref().map(str::trim).filter(|s| !s.is_empty()) else {
+        return false;
+    };
+    cur == needle
+}
+
+fn analysis_seed_high_priority_for_track(app: &AppHandle, track_id: &str) -> bool {
+    app.try_state::<AudioEngine>()
+        .is_some_and(|e| analysis_track_id_is_current_playback(&e, track_id))
+}
+
 fn audio_http_client(state: &AudioEngine) -> reqwest::Client {
     state
         .http_client
@@ -2564,30 +2689,71 @@ fn same_playback_target(a_url: &str, b_url: &str) -> bool {
     }
 }
 
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+struct ResolveLoudnessCacheOpts {
+    /// When false, skip `get_latest_waveform_for_track` — `audio_update_replay_gain` runs
+    /// on every partial-LUFS tick; loudness gain does not depend on waveform, and the extra
+    /// SQLite read was pure overhead on the IPC path.
+    touch_waveform: bool,
+    /// When false, omit `cache-miss` / `cache-invalid` debug lines (still log hits and errors).
+    log_soft_misses: bool,
+}
+
+impl Default for ResolveLoudnessCacheOpts {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            touch_waveform: true,
+            log_soft_misses: true,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 fn resolve_loudness_gain_from_cache(
     app: &AppHandle,
     url: &str,
     target_lufs: f32,
     logical_track_id: Option<&str>,
+) -> Option<f32> {
+    resolve_loudness_gain_from_cache_impl(
+        app,
+        url,
+        target_lufs,
+        logical_track_id,
+        ResolveLoudnessCacheOpts::default(),
+    )
+}
+
+fn resolve_loudness_gain_from_cache_impl(
+    app: &AppHandle,
+    url: &str,
+    target_lufs: f32,
+    logical_track_id: Option<&str>,
+    opts: ResolveLoudnessCacheOpts,
 ) -> Option<f32> {
     // Only a SQLite loudness row counts here. Ephemeral JS hints (`analysis:loudness-partial`)
     // are applied in `audio_update_replay_gain` via `loudness_gain_db_or_startup(..., true, _)`.
     let Some(track_id) = analysis_cache_track_id(logical_track_id, url) else {
-        crate::app_deprintln!(
-            "[normalization] resolve_loudness_gain source=no-identity url_len={}",
-            url.len()
-        );
+        if opts.log_soft_misses {
+            crate::app_deprintln!(
+                "[normalization] resolve_loudness_gain source=no-identity url_len={}",
+                url.len()
+            );
+        }
         return None;
     };
     let Some(cache) = app.try_state::<crate::analysis_cache::AnalysisCache>() else {
-        crate::app_deprintln!(
-            "[normalization] resolve_loudness_gain source=no-analysis-cache track_id={}",
-            track_id
-        );
+        if opts.log_soft_misses {
+            crate::app_deprintln!(
+                "[normalization] resolve_loudness_gain source=no-analysis-cache track_id={}",
+                track_id
+            );
+        }
         return None;
     };
-    // Also touch waveform row here so playback path verifies current context is present.
-    let _ = cache.get_latest_waveform_for_track(&track_id);
+    if opts.touch_waveform {
+        // Bind / preload: verify waveform context exists alongside loudness lookup.
+        let _ = cache.get_latest_waveform_for_track(&track_id);
+    }
     match cache.get_latest_loudness_for_track(&track_id) {
         Ok(Some(row)) if row.integrated_lufs.is_finite() => {
             let recommended = crate::analysis_cache::recommended_gain_for_target(
@@ -2606,18 +2772,22 @@ fn resolve_loudness_gain_from_cache(
             Some(recommended)
         }
         Ok(Some(row)) => {
-            crate::app_deprintln!(
-                "[normalization] resolve_loudness_gain source=cache-invalid track_id={} integrated_lufs={}",
-                track_id,
-                row.integrated_lufs
-            );
+            if opts.log_soft_misses {
+                crate::app_deprintln!(
+                    "[normalization] resolve_loudness_gain source=cache-invalid track_id={} integrated_lufs={}",
+                    track_id,
+                    row.integrated_lufs
+                );
+            }
             None
         }
         Ok(None) => {
-            crate::app_deprintln!(
-                "[normalization] resolve_loudness_gain source=cache-miss track_id={}",
-                track_id
-            );
+            if opts.log_soft_misses {
+                crate::app_deprintln!(
+                    "[normalization] resolve_loudness_gain source=cache-miss track_id={}",
+                    track_id
+                );
+            }
             None
         }
         Err(e) => {
@@ -2631,6 +2801,30 @@ fn resolve_loudness_gain_from_cache(
     }
 }
 
+/// LUFS gain after a single `resolve_loudness_gain_from_cache` result (`None` = miss).
+/// Keeps `audio_update_replay_gain` / `audio_play` from resolving twice on the same URL.
+fn loudness_gain_db_after_resolve(
+    resolved_from_cache: Option<f32>,
+    pre_analysis_attenuation_db: f32,
+    allow_js_when_uncached: bool,
+    js_gain_db: Option<f32>,
+) -> Option<f32> {
+    let pre = pre_analysis_attenuation_db.clamp(-24.0, 0.0).min(0.0);
+    match resolved_from_cache {
+        Some(g) => Some(g),
+        None => {
+            if allow_js_when_uncached {
+                match js_gain_db {
+                    Some(r) if r.is_finite() => Some(r),
+                    _ => Some(pre),
+                }
+            } else {
+                Some(pre)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// LUFS: DB-backed integrated LUFS only at bind time (`allow_js_when_uncached = false`);
 /// after `analysis:loudness-partial`, `audio_update_replay_gain` passes `true` so finite
 /// JS gain applies until SQLite catches up. Must never return `None` or `compute_gain` uses unity.
@@ -2643,20 +2837,19 @@ fn loudness_gain_db_or_startup(
     allow_js_when_uncached: bool,
     js_gain_db: Option<f32>,
 ) -> Option<f32> {
-    let pre = pre_analysis_attenuation_db.clamp(-24.0, 0.0).min(0.0);
-    match resolve_loudness_gain_from_cache(app, url, target_lufs, logical_track_id) {
-        Some(g) => Some(g),
-        None => {
-            if allow_js_when_uncached {
-                match js_gain_db {
-                    Some(r) if r.is_finite() => Some(r),
-                    _ => Some(pre),
-                }
-            } else {
-                Some(pre)
-            }
-        }
-    }
+    let resolved = resolve_loudness_gain_from_cache_impl(
+        app,
+        url,
+        target_lufs,
+        logical_track_id,
+        ResolveLoudnessCacheOpts::default(),
+    );
+    loudness_gain_db_after_resolve(
+        resolved,
+        pre_analysis_attenuation_db,
+        allow_js_when_uncached,
+        js_gain_db,
+    )
 }
 
 #[inline]
@@ -2763,7 +2956,7 @@ async fn fetch_data(
 
 /// When playback uses full track bytes already in RAM (gapless `reuse_chained_bytes`,
 /// `preloaded`, or `stream_completed_cache` via `fetch_data`), the `psysonic-local`
-/// disk-read seed path never runs. Spawn the same `seed_from_bytes` work so waveform /
+/// disk-read seed path never runs. Submit the same full-buffer analysis via the cpu-seed queue so waveform /
 /// loudness SQLite can fill **offline** without `analysis_enqueue_seed_from_url` HTTP.
 fn spawn_analysis_seed_from_in_memory_bytes(
     app: &AppHandle,
@@ -2787,26 +2980,17 @@ fn spawn_analysis_seed_from_in_memory_bytes(
         track_id,
         bytes.len() as f64 / (1024.0 * 1024.0)
     );
+    let high = analysis_seed_high_priority_for_track(&app, &track_id);
     tokio::spawn(async move {
         if gen_arc.load(Ordering::SeqCst) != gen {
             return;
         }
-        match crate::analysis_cache::seed_from_bytes(&app, &track_id, &bytes) {
-            Err(e) => crate::app_eprintln!(
+        if let Err(e) = crate::submit_analysis_cpu_seed(app.clone(), track_id.clone(), bytes, high).await {
+            crate::app_eprintln!(
                 "[analysis] in-memory play path seed failed for {}: {}",
                 track_id,
                 e
-            ),
-            Ok(crate::analysis_cache::SeedFromBytesOutcome::Upserted) => {
-                let _ = app.emit(
-                    "analysis:waveform-updated",
-                    WaveformUpdatedPayload {
-                        track_id: track_id.clone(),
-                        is_partial: false,
-                    },
-                );
-            }
-            Ok(_) => {}
+            );
         }
     });
 }
@@ -3109,30 +3293,29 @@ pub async fn audio_play(
                     if gen_arc_seed.load(Ordering::SeqCst) != gen_seed {
                         return;
                     }
-                    if data.is_empty() || data.len() > TRACK_STREAM_PROMOTE_MAX_BYTES {
+                    if data.is_empty() || data.len() > LOCAL_FILE_PLAYBACK_SEED_MAX_BYTES {
+                        crate::app_deprintln!(
+                            "[stream] psysonic-local: skip analysis seed track_id={} bytes={} (over {} MiB cap)",
+                            seed_id,
+                            data.len(),
+                            LOCAL_FILE_PLAYBACK_SEED_MAX_BYTES / (1024 * 1024)
+                        );
                         return;
                     }
                     crate::app_deprintln!(
-                        "[stream] psysonic-local: file read complete track_id={} size_mib={:.2} — invoking full-track analysis (async)",
+                        "[stream] psysonic-local: file read complete track_id={} size_mib={:.2} — full-track analysis (cpu-seed queue)",
                         seed_id,
                         data.len() as f64 / (1024.0 * 1024.0)
                     );
-                    match crate::analysis_cache::seed_from_bytes(&app_seed, &seed_id, &data) {
-                        Err(e) => crate::app_eprintln!(
+                    let high = analysis_seed_high_priority_for_track(&app_seed, &seed_id);
+                    if let Err(e) =
+                        crate::submit_analysis_cpu_seed(app_seed.clone(), seed_id.clone(), data, high).await
+                    {
+                        crate::app_eprintln!(
                             "[analysis] local-file seed failed for {}: {}",
                             seed_id,
                             e
-                        ),
-                        Ok(crate::analysis_cache::SeedFromBytesOutcome::Upserted) => {
-                            let _ = app_seed.emit(
-                                "analysis:waveform-updated",
-                                WaveformUpdatedPayload {
-                                    track_id: seed_id.clone(),
-                                    is_partial: false,
-                                },
-                            );
-                        }
-                        Ok(_) => {}
+                        );
                     }
                 });
             }
@@ -3182,6 +3365,8 @@ pub async fn audio_play(
                 let buf = Arc::new(Mutex::new(vec![0u8; total_usize]));
                 let downloaded_to = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
                 let done = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
+                let loudness_hold_for_defer = (total_usize <= TRACK_STREAM_PROMOTE_MAX_BYTES)
+                    .then_some(state.ranged_loudness_seed_hold.clone());
                 tokio::spawn(ranged_download_task(
                     gen,
                     state.generation.clone(),
@@ -3198,6 +3383,7 @@ pub async fn audio_play(
                     state.normalization_target_lufs.clone(),
                     state.loudness_pre_analysis_attenuation_db.clone(),
                     cache_id_for_tasks.clone(),
+                    loudness_hold_for_defer,
                 ));
                 let reader = RangedHttpSource {
                     buf,
@@ -3280,26 +3466,19 @@ pub async fn audio_play(
     }
 
     let target_lufs = f32::from_bits(state.normalization_target_lufs.load(Ordering::Relaxed));
-    let resolved_loudness_gain_db = resolve_loudness_gain_from_cache(
+    let cache_loudness = resolve_loudness_gain_from_cache(
         &app,
         &url,
         target_lufs,
         logical_trim.as_deref(),
     );
+    let resolved_loudness_gain_db = cache_loudness;
     let norm_mode = state.normalization_engine.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
     let pre_analysis_db = loudness_pre_analysis_db_for_engine(&state);
     let startup_loudness_gain_db = if norm_mode == 2 {
-        loudness_gain_db_or_startup(
-            &app,
-            &url,
-            target_lufs,
-            logical_trim.as_deref(),
-            pre_analysis_db,
-            false,
-            loudness_gain_db,
-        )
+        loudness_gain_db_after_resolve(cache_loudness, pre_analysis_db, false, loudness_gain_db)
     } else {
-        resolved_loudness_gain_db
+        cache_loudness
     };
     let (gain_linear, effective_volume) = compute_gain(
         norm_mode,
@@ -3324,8 +3503,8 @@ pub async fn audio_play(
         volume,
         effective_volume
     );
-    let _ = app.emit(
-        "audio:normalization-state",
+    maybe_emit_normalization_state(
+        &app,
         NormalizationStatePayload {
             engine: normalization_engine_name(norm_mode).to_string(),
             current_gain_db,
@@ -3820,20 +3999,19 @@ fn spawn_progress_task(
     gapless_switch_at: Arc<AtomicU64>,
     current_playback_url: Arc<Mutex<Option<String>>>,
 ) {
+    // Keep progress aligned with audible output (ALSA/PipeWire/Pulse queue) on
+    // Linux; mirrors the quantum policy used for stream open/reopen plus a small
+    // scheduler/mixer cushion so the UI doesn't run ahead. Other platforms have
+    // their own latency reporting paths and don't need the compensation here.
+    #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
     fn estimated_output_latency_secs(sample_rate_hz: f64) -> f64 {
-        #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
-        {
-            // Keep progress aligned with audible output (ALSA/PipeWire/Pulse
-            // queue). We mirror the quantum policy used for stream open/reopen.
-            let rate = sample_rate_hz.max(1.0);
-            let frames = if rate > 48_000.0 { 8192.0 } else { 4096.0 };
-            // Add a small scheduler/mixer cushion so UI doesn't run ahead.
-            return (frames / rate) + 0.012;
-        }
-        #[cfg(not(target_os = "linux"))]
-        {
-            0.0
-        }
+        let rate = sample_rate_hz.max(1.0);
+        let frames = if rate > 48_000.0 { 8192.0 } else { 4096.0 };
+        (frames / rate) + 0.012
+    }
+    #[cfg(not(target_os = "linux"))]
+    fn estimated_output_latency_secs(_sample_rate_hz: f64) -> f64 {
+        0.0
     }
 
     tokio::spawn(async move {
@@ -4217,24 +4395,23 @@ pub fn audio_update_replay_gain(
     // If `current_playback_url` is not pinned yet, still honour JS `loudness_gain_db`
     // so `loudness_ui_current_gain_db` can show a number (otherwise `and_then`
     // drops the requested gain entirely).
-    let resolved_loudness_gain_db = url_for_loudness
-        .as_deref()
-        .and_then(|u| {
-            resolve_loudness_gain_from_cache(
-                &app,
-                u,
-                target_lufs,
-                logical_for_loudness.as_deref(),
-            )
-        })
-        .or(loudness_gain_db);
+    let cache_loudness = url_for_loudness.as_deref().and_then(|u| {
+        resolve_loudness_gain_from_cache_impl(
+            &app,
+            u,
+            target_lufs,
+            logical_for_loudness.as_deref(),
+            ResolveLoudnessCacheOpts {
+                touch_waveform: false,
+                log_soft_misses: false,
+            },
+        )
+    });
+    let resolved_loudness_gain_db = cache_loudness.or(loudness_gain_db);
     let effective_loudness_db = if norm_mode == 2 {
         match url_for_loudness.as_deref() {
-            Some(u) => loudness_gain_db_or_startup(
-                &app,
-                u,
-                target_lufs,
-                logical_for_loudness.as_deref(),
+            Some(_u) => loudness_gain_db_after_resolve(
+                cache_loudness,
                 pre_analysis_db,
                 true,
                 loudness_gain_db,
@@ -4273,8 +4450,9 @@ pub fn audio_update_replay_gain(
     if let Some(sink) = &cur.sink {
         ramp_sink_volume(Arc::clone(sink), prev_effective, effective);
     }
-    let _ = app.emit(
-        "audio:normalization-state",
+    drop(cur);
+    maybe_emit_normalization_state(
+        &app,
         NormalizationStatePayload {
             engine: normalization_engine_name(norm_mode).to_string(),
             current_gain_db,
@@ -4381,18 +4559,9 @@ pub async fn audio_preload(
             track_id,
             data.len() as f64 / (1024.0 * 1024.0)
         );
-        match crate::analysis_cache::seed_from_bytes(&app, &track_id, &data) {
-            Err(e) => crate::app_eprintln!("[analysis] preload seed failed for {}: {}", track_id, e),
-            Ok(crate::analysis_cache::SeedFromBytesOutcome::Upserted) => {
-                let _ = app.emit(
-                    "analysis:waveform-updated",
-                    WaveformUpdatedPayload {
-                        track_id: track_id.clone(),
-                        is_partial: false,
-                    },
-                );
-            }
-            Ok(_) => {}
+        let high = analysis_track_id_is_current_playback(&state, &track_id);
+        if let Err(e) = crate::submit_analysis_cpu_seed(app.clone(), track_id.clone(), data.clone(), high).await {
+            crate::app_eprintln!("[analysis] preload seed failed for {}: {}", track_id, e);
         }
     }
     let url_for_emit = url.clone();
@@ -4771,8 +4940,8 @@ pub fn audio_set_normalization(
         target,
         pre
     );
-    let _ = app.emit(
-        "audio:normalization-state",
+    maybe_emit_normalization_state(
+        &app,
         NormalizationStatePayload {
             engine: normalization_engine_name(mode).to_string(),
             // At mode-switch time the effective track gain may not be recalculated yet.

src-tauri/src/lib.rs

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ pub(crate) mod logging;
 #[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
 mod taskbar_win;
 
-use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::collections::{HashMap, VecDeque};
 use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex, OnceLock, RwLock};
 use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
 
@@ -60,10 +60,425 @@ fn sync_cancel_flags() -> &'static Mutex<HashMap<String, Arc<AtomicBool>>> {
     FLAGS.get_or_init(|| Mutex::new(HashMap::new()))
 }
 
-/// Tracks analysis backfill jobs already running per track_id.
-fn analysis_backfill_inflight() -> &'static Mutex<std::collections::HashSet<String>> {
-    static SET: OnceLock<Mutex<std::collections::HashSet<String>>> = OnceLock::new();
-    SET.get_or_init(|| Mutex::new(std::collections::HashSet::new()))
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+enum AnalysisBackfillEnqueueKind {
+    /// New job at the tail of the queue.
+    NewBack,
+    /// New job for the currently playing track (head).
+    NewFront,
+    /// Same track was already waiting; moved to head with the latest URL.
+    ReorderedFront,
+    /// Low-priority duplicate while the track is already queued or running.
+    DuplicateSkipped,
+    /// High-priority request but that track is already being downloaded+seeded.
+    RunningSkipped,
+}
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+struct AnalysisBackfillQueueState {
+    deque: VecDeque<(String, String)>,
+    /// Set while this `track_id` is inside `analysis_backfill_download_and_seed` (not in deque).
+    in_progress: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl AnalysisBackfillQueueState {
+    fn is_reserved(&self, tid: &str) -> bool {
+        self.in_progress.as_deref() == Some(tid)
+            || self.deque.iter().any(|(t, _)| t.as_str() == tid)
+    }
+
+    fn try_pop_next(&mut self) -> Option<(String, String)> {
+        let (tid, url) = self.deque.pop_front()?;
+        self.in_progress = Some(tid.clone());
+        Some((tid, url))
+    }
+
+    fn finish_job(&mut self, tid: &str) {
+        if self.in_progress.as_deref() == Some(tid) {
+            self.in_progress = None;
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn enqueue(
+        &mut self,
+        tid: String,
+        url: String,
+        high_priority: bool,
+    ) -> AnalysisBackfillEnqueueKind {
+        let tref = tid.as_str();
+        if self.is_reserved(tref) {
+            if !high_priority {
+                return AnalysisBackfillEnqueueKind::DuplicateSkipped;
+            }
+            if self.in_progress.as_deref() == Some(tref) {
+                return AnalysisBackfillEnqueueKind::RunningSkipped;
+            }
+            self.deque.retain(|(t, _)| t != &tid);
+            self.deque.push_front((tid, url));
+            return AnalysisBackfillEnqueueKind::ReorderedFront;
+        }
+        if high_priority {
+            self.deque.push_front((tid, url));
+            AnalysisBackfillEnqueueKind::NewFront
+        } else {
+            self.deque.push_back((tid, url));
+            AnalysisBackfillEnqueueKind::NewBack
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+struct AnalysisBackfillShared {
+    state: Mutex<AnalysisBackfillQueueState>,
+    wake_tx: tokio::sync::mpsc::UnboundedSender<()>,
+}
+
+impl AnalysisBackfillShared {
+    fn ping_worker(&self) {
+        let _ = self.wake_tx.send(());
+    }
+}
+
+static ANALYSIS_BACKFILL: OnceLock<Arc<AnalysisBackfillShared>> = OnceLock::new();
+
+/// Lazily spawns the single backfill worker (first caller supplies `AppHandle`).
+fn analysis_backfill_shared(app: &tauri::AppHandle) -> Arc<AnalysisBackfillShared> {
+    ANALYSIS_BACKFILL
+        .get_or_init(|| {
+            let (wake_tx, wake_rx) = tokio::sync::mpsc::unbounded_channel();
+            let shared = Arc::new(AnalysisBackfillShared {
+                state: Mutex::new(AnalysisBackfillQueueState::default()),
+                wake_tx,
+            });
+            let app = app.clone();
+            let sh = shared.clone();
+            tauri::async_runtime::spawn(analysis_backfill_worker_loop(app, sh, wake_rx));
+            shared
+        })
+        .clone()
+}
+
+async fn analysis_backfill_download_and_seed(
+    app: &tauri::AppHandle,
+    track_id: &str,
+    url: &str,
+) -> Result<bool, String> {
+    let client = reqwest::Client::builder()
+        .user_agent(subsonic_wire_user_agent())
+        .timeout(std::time::Duration::from_secs(120))
+        .build()
+        .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+    let response = client.get(url).send().await.map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+    if !response.status().is_success() {
+        return Err(format!("HTTP {}", response.status().as_u16()));
+    }
+    let bytes = response.bytes().await.map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+    if bytes.is_empty() {
+        return Err("empty response".to_string());
+    }
+    enqueue_analysis_seed(app, track_id, &bytes).await
+}
+
+async fn analysis_backfill_worker_loop(
+    app: tauri::AppHandle,
+    shared: Arc<AnalysisBackfillShared>,
+    mut wake_rx: tokio::sync::mpsc::UnboundedReceiver<()>,
+) {
+    loop {
+        if wake_rx.recv().await.is_none() {
+            break;
+        }
+        while let Some((track_id, url)) = {
+            let mut st = shared
+                .state
+                .lock()
+                .unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner());
+            st.try_pop_next()
+        } {
+            crate::app_deprintln!("[analysis] backfill worker: start track_id={}", track_id);
+            let result = analysis_backfill_download_and_seed(&app, &track_id, &url).await;
+            match &result {
+                Ok(has_loudness) => crate::app_deprintln!(
+                    "[analysis] backfill ready: {} (has_loudness={})",
+                    track_id,
+                    has_loudness
+                ),
+                Err(e) => crate::app_eprintln!("[analysis] backfill failed for {}: {}", track_id, e),
+            }
+            let mut st = shared
+                .state
+                .lock()
+                .unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner());
+            st.finish_job(&track_id);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn analysis_backfill_is_current_track(app: &tauri::AppHandle, track_id: &str) -> bool {
+    app.try_state::<crate::audio::AudioEngine>()
+        .is_some_and(|e| crate::audio::analysis_track_id_is_current_playback(&e, track_id))
+}
+
+// ─── Full-track waveform + loudness: single CPU worker (mirrors HTTP backfill queue) ─
+// One `spawn_blocking` decode at a time; current playback is high-priority (front + reorder).
+// Same `track_id` queued again merges waiters onto one job; while decode runs, same-id
+// submitters attach to `running` followers so they all get the same outcome.
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+enum AnalysisCpuSeedEnqueueKind {
+    NewBack,
+    NewFront,
+    ReorderedFront,
+    RunningFollower,
+    MergedQueued,
+}
+
+struct AnalysisCpuSeedJob {
+    track_id: String,
+    bytes: Vec<u8>,
+    waiters: Vec<tokio::sync::oneshot::Sender<Result<analysis_cache::SeedFromBytesOutcome, String>>>,
+}
+
+struct AnalysisCpuSeedQueueState {
+    deque: VecDeque<AnalysisCpuSeedJob>,
+    /// Decode in progress — same-id callers wait here for the same outcome.
+    running: Option<(
+        String,
+        Arc<Mutex<Vec<tokio::sync::oneshot::Sender<Result<analysis_cache::SeedFromBytesOutcome, String>>>>>,
+    )>,
+}
+
+impl AnalysisCpuSeedQueueState {
+    fn enqueue(
+        &mut self,
+        track_id: String,
+        bytes: Vec<u8>,
+        high_priority: bool,
+    ) -> (
+        AnalysisCpuSeedEnqueueKind,
+        tokio::sync::oneshot::Receiver<Result<analysis_cache::SeedFromBytesOutcome, String>>,
+    ) {
+        let (done_tx, done_rx) = tokio::sync::oneshot::channel();
+        let tid = track_id.as_str();
+
+        if let Some((rtid, followers)) = &self.running {
+            if rtid == tid {
+                followers
+                    .lock()
+                    .unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner())
+                    .push(done_tx);
+                return (AnalysisCpuSeedEnqueueKind::RunningFollower, done_rx);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if let Some(pos) = self.deque.iter().position(|j| j.track_id == track_id) {
+            let mut job = self.deque.remove(pos).unwrap();
+            job.bytes = bytes;
+            job.waiters.push(done_tx);
+            let kind = if high_priority {
+                self.deque.push_front(job);
+                AnalysisCpuSeedEnqueueKind::ReorderedFront
+            } else {
+                self.deque.push_back(job);
+                AnalysisCpuSeedEnqueueKind::MergedQueued
+            };
+            return (kind, done_rx);
+        }
+
+        let job = AnalysisCpuSeedJob {
+            track_id: track_id.clone(),
+            bytes,
+            waiters: vec![done_tx],
+        };
+        let kind = if high_priority {
+            self.deque.push_front(job);
+            AnalysisCpuSeedEnqueueKind::NewFront
+        } else {
+            self.deque.push_back(job);
+            AnalysisCpuSeedEnqueueKind::NewBack
+        };
+        (kind, done_rx)
+    }
+}
+
+struct AnalysisCpuSeedShared {
+    state: Mutex<AnalysisCpuSeedQueueState>,
+    wake_tx: tokio::sync::mpsc::UnboundedSender<()>,
+}
+
+impl Default for AnalysisCpuSeedQueueState {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            deque: VecDeque::new(),
+            running: None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl AnalysisCpuSeedShared {
+    fn ping_worker(&self) {
+        let _ = self.wake_tx.send(());
+    }
+}
+
+static ANALYSIS_CPU_SEED: OnceLock<Arc<AnalysisCpuSeedShared>> = OnceLock::new();
+
+fn analysis_cpu_seed_shared(app: &tauri::AppHandle) -> Arc<AnalysisCpuSeedShared> {
+    ANALYSIS_CPU_SEED
+        .get_or_init(|| {
+            let (wake_tx, wake_rx) = tokio::sync::mpsc::unbounded_channel();
+            let shared = Arc::new(AnalysisCpuSeedShared {
+                state: Mutex::new(AnalysisCpuSeedQueueState::default()),
+                wake_tx,
+            });
+            let app = app.clone();
+            let sh = shared.clone();
+            tauri::async_runtime::spawn(analysis_cpu_seed_worker_loop(app, sh, wake_rx));
+            shared
+        })
+        .clone()
+}
+
+/// HTTP backfill + CPU seed queue sizes (debug log only — `app_deprintln!`).
+fn emit_analysis_queue_snapshot_line() {
+    let http = if let Some(arc) = ANALYSIS_BACKFILL.get() {
+        let st = arc.state.lock().unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner());
+        format!(
+            "http_backfill={{queued:{} download_active:{:?}}}",
+            st.deque.len(),
+            st.in_progress.as_deref()
+        )
+    } else {
+        "http_backfill={{not_started}}".to_string()
+    };
+
+    let cpu = if let Some(arc) = ANALYSIS_CPU_SEED.get() {
+        let st = arc.state.lock().unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner());
+        let queued_jobs = st.deque.len();
+        let pending_in_queued_jobs: usize = st.deque.iter().map(|j| j.waiters.len()).sum();
+        let (decoding_tid, decoding_extra_waiters) = match &st.running {
+            Some((tid, fl)) => (
+                Some(tid.as_str()),
+                fl.lock().map(|g| g.len()).unwrap_or(0),
+            ),
+            None => (None, 0usize),
+        };
+        format!(
+            "cpu_seed={{queued_jobs:{} pending_channels_in_queue:{} decoding_tid:{:?} extra_waiters_same_id:{}}}",
+            queued_jobs,
+            pending_in_queued_jobs,
+            decoding_tid,
+            decoding_extra_waiters
+        )
+    } else {
+        "cpu_seed={{not_started}}".to_string()
+    };
+
+    crate::app_deprintln!(
+        "[analysis] queue_snapshot interval_s=60 note=queues_in_memory_cleared_on_app_restart | {http} | {cpu}"
+    );
+}
+
+async fn analysis_queue_snapshot_loop() {
+    emit_analysis_queue_snapshot_line();
+    loop {
+        tokio::time::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_secs(60)).await;
+        emit_analysis_queue_snapshot_line();
+    }
+}
+
+async fn analysis_cpu_seed_worker_loop(
+    app: tauri::AppHandle,
+    shared: Arc<AnalysisCpuSeedShared>,
+    mut wake_rx: tokio::sync::mpsc::UnboundedReceiver<()>,
+) {
+    loop {
+        if wake_rx.recv().await.is_none() {
+            break;
+        }
+        loop {
+            let (job, followers) = {
+                let mut st = shared.state.lock().unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner());
+                let Some(j) = st.deque.pop_front() else {
+                    break;
+                };
+                let fl = Arc::new(Mutex::new(Vec::new()));
+                st.running = Some((j.track_id.clone(), fl.clone()));
+                (j, fl)
+            };
+            let tid_log = job.track_id.clone();
+            let app2 = app.clone();
+            let tid = job.track_id.clone();
+            let bytes = job.bytes;
+            let outcome = tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || {
+                analysis_cache::seed_from_bytes_execute(&app2, &tid, &bytes)
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap_or_else(|e| Err(format!("cpu-seed spawn_blocking: {e}")));
+
+            let mut extra = followers
+                .lock()
+                .unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner())
+                .drain(..)
+                .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+            for tx in job.waiters {
+                let _ = tx.send(outcome.clone());
+            }
+            for tx in extra.drain(..) {
+                let _ = tx.send(outcome.clone());
+            }
+
+            {
+                let mut st = shared.state.lock().unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner());
+                st.running = None;
+            }
+            let ok = outcome.as_ref().map(|o| *o == analysis_cache::SeedFromBytesOutcome::Upserted).unwrap_or(false);
+            crate::app_deprintln!(
+                "[analysis] cpu-seed worker: done track_id={} upserted={}",
+                tid_log,
+                ok
+            );
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Submit full-buffer analysis; serializes with other producers. `high_priority` mirrors
+/// HTTP backfill head insertion for the currently playing track.
+///
+/// Emits `analysis:waveform-updated` once here when the DB row is ready (Upserted or cache hit),
+/// so `audio` and other callers do not duplicate IPC.
+pub(crate) async fn submit_analysis_cpu_seed(
+    app: tauri::AppHandle,
+    track_id: String,
+    bytes: Vec<u8>,
+    high_priority: bool,
+) -> Result<analysis_cache::SeedFromBytesOutcome, String> {
+    let shared = analysis_cpu_seed_shared(&app);
+    let rx = {
+        let mut st = shared.state.lock().unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner());
+        let (kind, rx) = st.enqueue(track_id.clone(), bytes, high_priority);
+        crate::app_deprintln!("[analysis] cpu-seed submit: kind={kind:?} high_priority={high_priority}");
+        drop(st);
+        shared.ping_worker();
+        rx
+    };
+    let outcome = match rx.await {
+        Ok(res) => res?,
+        Err(_) => return Err("cpu-seed: result channel dropped".to_string()),
+    };
+    if matches!(
+        outcome,
+        analysis_cache::SeedFromBytesOutcome::Upserted
+            | analysis_cache::SeedFromBytesOutcome::SkippedWaveformCacheHit
+    ) {
+        let _ = app.emit(
+            "analysis:waveform-updated",
+            WaveformUpdatedPayload {
+                track_id: track_id.clone(),
+                is_partial: false,
+            },
+        );
+    }
+    Ok(outcome)
 }
 
 /// Holds the live system-tray icon handle.  `None` means the tray is currently hidden/removed.
@@ -1314,6 +1729,15 @@ fn analysis_enqueue_seed_from_url(
     if track_id.trim().is_empty() || url.trim().is_empty() {
         return Ok(());
     }
+    if let Some(engine) = app.try_state::<crate::audio::AudioEngine>() {
+        if crate::audio::ranged_loudness_backfill_should_defer(&engine, &track_id) {
+            crate::app_deprintln!(
+                "[analysis] backfill skip track_id={} reason=ranged_playback_will_seed",
+                track_id
+            );
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+    }
     if let Some(cache) = app.try_state::<analysis_cache::AnalysisCache>() {
         if cache.get_latest_loudness_for_track(&track_id)?.is_some() {
             crate::app_deprintln!(
@@ -1323,48 +1747,34 @@ fn analysis_enqueue_seed_from_url(
             return Ok(());
         }
     }
-    {
-        let mut inflight = analysis_backfill_inflight()
+    let tid_log = track_id.clone();
+    let high_priority = analysis_backfill_is_current_track(&app, &track_id);
+    let shared = analysis_backfill_shared(&app);
+    let kind = {
+        let mut st = shared
+            .state
             .lock()
             .map_err(|_| "analysis backfill lock poisoned".to_string())?;
-        if inflight.contains(&track_id) {
-            return Ok(());
+        st.enqueue(track_id, url, high_priority)
+    };
+    match kind {
+        AnalysisBackfillEnqueueKind::NewBack | AnalysisBackfillEnqueueKind::NewFront => {
+            shared.ping_worker();
+            crate::app_deprintln!(
+                "[analysis] backfill enqueued: track_id={} position={}",
+                tid_log,
+                if high_priority { "front" } else { "back" }
+            );
         }
-        inflight.insert(track_id.clone());
+        AnalysisBackfillEnqueueKind::ReorderedFront => {
+            shared.ping_worker();
+            crate::app_deprintln!(
+                "[analysis] backfill bumped to front (current track) track_id={}",
+                tid_log
+            );
+        }
+        AnalysisBackfillEnqueueKind::DuplicateSkipped | AnalysisBackfillEnqueueKind::RunningSkipped => {}
     }
-    let app_clone = app.clone();
-    tauri::async_runtime::spawn(async move {
-        crate::app_deprintln!("[analysis] backfill queued: {}", track_id);
-        let result = async {
-            let client = reqwest::Client::builder()
-                .user_agent(subsonic_wire_user_agent())
-                .timeout(std::time::Duration::from_secs(120))
-                .build()
-                .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
-            let response = client.get(&url).send().await.map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
-            if !response.status().is_success() {
-                return Err(format!("HTTP {}", response.status().as_u16()));
-            }
-            let bytes = response.bytes().await.map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
-            if bytes.is_empty() {
-                return Err("empty response".to_string());
-            }
-            let has_loudness = enqueue_analysis_seed(&app_clone, &track_id, &bytes)?;
-            Ok::<bool, String>(has_loudness)
-        }
-        .await;
-        match result {
-            Ok(has_loudness) => crate::app_deprintln!(
-                "[analysis] backfill ready: {} (has_loudness={})",
-                track_id,
-                has_loudness
-            ),
-            Err(e) => crate::app_eprintln!("[analysis] backfill failed for {}: {}", track_id, e),
-        }
-        if let Ok(mut inflight) = analysis_backfill_inflight().lock() {
-            inflight.remove(&track_id);
-        }
-    });
     Ok(())
 }
 
@@ -1388,26 +1798,25 @@ async fn stream_to_file(response: reqwest::Response, dest_path: &std::path::Path
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn enqueue_analysis_seed(app: &tauri::AppHandle, track_id: &str, bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<bool, String> {
-    let outcome = analysis_cache::seed_from_bytes(app, track_id, bytes).map_err(|e| {
+async fn enqueue_analysis_seed(app: &tauri::AppHandle, track_id: &str, bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<bool, String> {
+    let high = analysis_backfill_is_current_track(app, track_id);
+    let outcome = submit_analysis_cpu_seed(
+        app.clone(),
+        track_id.to_string(),
+        bytes.to_vec(),
+        high,
+    )
+    .await
+    .map_err(|e| {
         crate::app_eprintln!("[analysis] failed to seed {}: {}", track_id, e);
         e
     })?;
-    if outcome == analysis_cache::SeedFromBytesOutcome::Upserted {
-        let _ = app.emit(
-            "analysis:waveform-updated",
-            WaveformUpdatedPayload {
-                track_id: track_id.to_string(),
-                is_partial: false,
-            },
-        );
-    }
     let has_loudness = app
         .try_state::<analysis_cache::AnalysisCache>()
         .and_then(|cache| cache.get_latest_loudness_for_track(track_id).ok().flatten())
         .is_some();
     crate::app_deprintln!(
-        "[analysis] seed result track_id={} bytes={} has_loudness={}",
+        "[analysis] seed result track_id={} bytes={} has_loudness={} outcome={outcome:?}",
         track_id,
         bytes.len(),
         has_loudness
@@ -1427,7 +1836,7 @@ async fn enqueue_analysis_seed_from_file(
     if bytes.is_empty() {
         return;
     }
-    let _ = enqueue_analysis_seed(app, track_id, &bytes);
+    let _ = enqueue_analysis_seed(app, track_id, &bytes).await;
 }
 
 /// Downloads a single track to the app's offline cache directory.
@@ -2019,12 +2428,32 @@ async fn download_track_hot_cache(
             .await
             .map(|m| m.len())
             .unwrap_or(0);
+        crate::app_deprintln!(
+            "[hot-cache] download disk_hit track_id={} server_id={} bytes={}",
+            track_id,
+            server_id,
+            size
+        );
+        // Disk hit: still seed analysis, but do not block the command (full-file read); the
+        // prefetch worker runs invokes sequentially.
+        let app_seed = app.clone();
+        let tid = track_id.clone();
+        let fp = file_path.clone();
+        tokio::spawn(async move {
+            enqueue_analysis_seed_from_file(&app_seed, &tid, &fp).await;
+        });
         return Ok(HotCacheDownloadResult {
             path: path_str,
             size,
         });
     }
 
+    crate::app_deprintln!(
+        "[hot-cache] download http_start track_id={} server_id={}",
+        track_id,
+        server_id
+    );
+
     let client = reqwest::Client::builder()
         .user_agent(subsonic_wire_user_agent())
         .timeout(std::time::Duration::from_secs(120))
@@ -2046,12 +2475,23 @@ async fn download_track_hot_cache(
         .await
         .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
 
-    enqueue_analysis_seed_from_file(&app, &track_id, &file_path).await;
+    let app_seed = app.clone();
+    let tid = track_id.clone();
+    let fp = file_path.clone();
+    tokio::spawn(async move {
+        enqueue_analysis_seed_from_file(&app_seed, &tid, &fp).await;
+    });
 
     let size = tokio::fs::metadata(&file_path)
         .await
         .map(|m| m.len())
         .unwrap_or(0);
+    crate::app_deprintln!(
+        "[hot-cache] download http_done track_id={} server_id={} bytes={}",
+        track_id,
+        server_id,
+        size
+    );
     Ok(HotCacheDownloadResult {
         path: path_str,
         size,
@@ -2084,12 +2524,30 @@ async fn promote_stream_cache_to_hot_cache(
             .await
             .map(|m| m.len())
             .unwrap_or(0);
+        crate::app_deprintln!(
+            "[hot-cache] promote disk_hit track_id={} server_id={} bytes={}",
+            track_id,
+            server_id,
+            size
+        );
+        let app_seed = app.clone();
+        let tid = track_id.clone();
+        let fp = file_path.clone();
+        tokio::spawn(async move {
+            enqueue_analysis_seed_from_file(&app_seed, &tid, &fp).await;
+        });
         return Ok(Some(HotCacheDownloadResult { path: path_str, size }));
     }
 
     let bytes = match audio::take_stream_completed_for_url(&state, &url) {
         Some(b) => b,
-        None => return Ok(None),
+        None => {
+            crate::app_deprintln!(
+                "[hot-cache] promote skip track_id={} reason=no_completed_stream_for_url",
+                track_id
+            );
+            return Ok(None);
+        }
     };
 
     let part_path = file_path.with_extension(format!("{suffix}.part"));
@@ -2101,12 +2559,18 @@ async fn promote_stream_cache_to_hot_cache(
         .await
         .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
 
-    let _ = enqueue_analysis_seed(&app, &track_id, &bytes);
+    let _ = enqueue_analysis_seed(&app, &track_id, &bytes).await;
 
     let size = tokio::fs::metadata(&file_path)
         .await
         .map(|m| m.len())
         .unwrap_or(0);
+    crate::app_deprintln!(
+        "[hot-cache] promote from_stream track_id={} server_id={} bytes={}",
+        track_id,
+        server_id,
+        size
+    );
     Ok(Some(HotCacheDownloadResult { path: path_str, size }))
 }
 
@@ -2147,11 +2611,20 @@ async fn delete_hot_cache_track(
     app: tauri::AppHandle,
 ) -> Result<(), String> {
     let file_path = std::path::PathBuf::from(&local_path);
-    if file_path.exists() {
+    let existed = file_path.exists();
+    if existed {
         tokio::fs::remove_file(&file_path)
             .await
             .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
     }
+    crate::app_deprintln!(
+        "[hot-cache] delete file existed={} path_suffix={}",
+        existed,
+        file_path
+            .file_name()
+            .and_then(|s| s.to_str())
+            .unwrap_or("?")
+    );
 
     let boundary = resolve_hot_cache_root(custom_dir, &app)?;
 
@@ -2181,11 +2654,17 @@ async fn delete_hot_cache_track(
 #[tauri::command]
 async fn purge_hot_cache(custom_dir: Option<String>, app: tauri::AppHandle) -> Result<(), String> {
     let dir = resolve_hot_cache_root(custom_dir, &app)?;
-    if dir.exists() {
+    let existed = dir.exists();
+    if existed {
         tokio::fs::remove_dir_all(&dir)
             .await
             .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
     }
+    crate::app_deprintln!(
+        "[hot-cache] purge root_existed={} dir={}",
+        existed,
+        dir.display()
+    );
     Ok(())
 }
 
@@ -3874,6 +4353,9 @@ pub fn run() {
                 app.manage(cache);
             }
 
+            // Periodic analysis queue sizes (debug logging mode only).
+            tauri::async_runtime::spawn(analysis_queue_snapshot_loop());
+
             // ── Custom title bar on Linux ─────────────────────────────────
             // Remove OS window decorations on all Linux so the React TitleBar
             // can take over.  The frontend checks is_tiling_wm() to decide

src/components/WaveformSeek.tsx

@@ -7,6 +7,11 @@ function fmt(s: number): string {
 }
 
 const BAR_COUNT = 500;
+/** Stored waveform bins per track (matches backend `bin_count` / PCM bins). */
+const WAVE_BIN_COUNT = 500;
+/** `0.7 * mean + 0.3 * max` in normalized 0..1 space (v4 cache: first half = peak, second = mean-abs). */
+const WAVE_MIX_MEAN = 0.7;
+const WAVE_MIX_MAX = 0.3;
 const SEG_COUNT = 60;
 const FLAT_WAVE_NORM = 0.06;
 const WAVE_MORPH_MS = 1000;
@@ -111,8 +116,27 @@ function easeOutCubic(t: number): number {
 
 function binsToHeights(src: number[]): Float32Array {
   const h = new Float32Array(BAR_COUNT);
+  const n = src.length;
+  if (n === WAVE_BIN_COUNT * 2) {
+    for (let i = 0; i < BAR_COUNT; i++) {
+      const idx = Math.min(WAVE_BIN_COUNT - 1, Math.floor((i / BAR_COUNT) * WAVE_BIN_COUNT));
+      const maxNorm = Number(src[idx]) / 255;
+      const meanNorm = Number(src[WAVE_BIN_COUNT + idx]) / 255;
+      const v = WAVE_MIX_MEAN * meanNorm + WAVE_MIX_MAX * maxNorm;
+      h[i] = Math.max(0.08, Math.min(1, v));
+    }
+    return h;
+  }
+  if (n === WAVE_BIN_COUNT) {
+    for (let i = 0; i < BAR_COUNT; i++) {
+      const idx = Math.min(WAVE_BIN_COUNT - 1, Math.floor((i / BAR_COUNT) * WAVE_BIN_COUNT));
+      const v = src[idx];
+      h[i] = Math.max(0.08, Math.min(1, (Number(v) / 255)));
+    }
+    return h;
+  }
   for (let i = 0; i < BAR_COUNT; i++) {
-    const idx = Math.min(src.length - 1, Math.floor((i / BAR_COUNT) * src.length));
+    const idx = Math.min(n - 1, Math.floor((i / BAR_COUNT) * n));
     const v = src[idx];
     h[i] = Math.max(0.08, Math.min(1, (Number(v) / 255)));
   }

src/hotCachePrefetch.ts

@@ -10,6 +10,15 @@ import {
   getDeferHotCachePrefetch,
 } from './utils/hotCacheGate';
 
+/** Settings → Logging → Debug (`frontend_debug_log` → Rust stderr), same as normalization / lucky-mix. */
+function hotCacheFrontendDebug(payload: Record<string, unknown>): void {
+  if (useAuthStore.getState().loggingMode !== 'debug') return;
+  void invoke('frontend_debug_log', {
+    scope: 'hot-cache',
+    message: JSON.stringify(payload),
+  }).catch(() => {});
+}
+
 /** How many upcoming queue tracks may be prefetched (only current + next are eviction-protected). */
 const PREFETCH_AHEAD = 5;
 
@@ -89,11 +98,21 @@ function scheduleEvictAfterPreviousGrace(): void {
 
 function enqueueJobs(jobs: PrefetchJob[]) {
   const seen = new Set(pendingQueue.map(j => `${j.serverId}:${j.trackId}`));
+  let merged = 0;
   for (const j of jobs) {
     const k = `${j.serverId}:${j.trackId}`;
     if (seen.has(k)) continue;
     seen.add(k);
     pendingQueue.push(j);
+    merged++;
+  }
+  if (merged > 0) {
+    hotCacheFrontendDebug({
+      event: 'prefetch-queue-jobs',
+      added: merged,
+      pendingTotal: pendingQueue.length,
+      trackIds: jobs.map(j => j.trackId),
+    });
   }
   void runWorker();
 }
@@ -105,6 +124,11 @@ async function runWorker() {
     while (pendingQueue.length > 0) {
       const auth = useAuthStore.getState();
       if (!auth.isLoggedIn || !auth.hotCacheEnabled || !auth.activeServerId) {
+        hotCacheFrontendDebug({
+          event: 'prefetch-worker-stop',
+          reason: 'auth-disabled-or-logged-out',
+          clearedPending: pendingQueue.length,
+        });
         pendingQueue.length = 0;
         break;
       }
@@ -117,11 +141,24 @@ async function runWorker() {
       if (!job) break;
 
       const maxBytes = Math.max(0, auth.hotCacheMaxMb) * 1024 * 1024;
-      if (maxBytes <= 0) continue;
+      if (maxBytes <= 0) {
+        hotCacheFrontendDebug({ event: 'prefetch-skip-job', trackId: job.trackId, reason: 'max-mb-zero' });
+        continue;
+      }
 
       const offline = useOfflineStore.getState();
-      if (offline.isDownloaded(job.trackId, job.serverId)) continue;
-      if (useHotCacheStore.getState().entries[entryKey(job.serverId, job.trackId)]) continue;
+      if (offline.isDownloaded(job.trackId, job.serverId)) {
+        hotCacheFrontendDebug({ event: 'prefetch-skip-job', trackId: job.trackId, reason: 'offline-library' });
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (useHotCacheStore.getState().entries[entryKey(job.serverId, job.trackId)]) {
+        hotCacheFrontendDebug({
+          event: 'prefetch-skip-job',
+          trackId: job.trackId,
+          reason: 'already-in-hot-index',
+        });
+        continue;
+      }
 
       const player = usePlayerStore.getState();
       const { queue, queueIndex } = player;
@@ -130,19 +167,46 @@ async function runWorker() {
           .slice(queueIndex + 1, queueIndex + 1 + PREFETCH_AHEAD)
           .map(t => t.id),
       );
-      if (!wantIds.has(job.trackId)) continue;
+      if (!wantIds.has(job.trackId)) {
+        hotCacheFrontendDebug({
+          event: 'prefetch-skip-job',
+          trackId: job.trackId,
+          reason: 'not-in-upcoming-window',
+          queueIndex,
+          window: PREFETCH_AHEAD,
+        });
+        continue;
+      }
 
       const track = queue.find(t => t.id === job.trackId);
-      if (!track) continue;
+      if (!track) {
+        hotCacheFrontendDebug({
+          event: 'prefetch-skip-job',
+          trackId: job.trackId,
+          reason: 'track-not-in-queue',
+        });
+        continue;
+      }
       const hotEntries = useHotCacheStore.getState().entries;
       const occupied = sumCachedBytesInProtectedWindow(queue, queueIndex, job.serverId, hotEntries);
       const est = estimateTrackHotCacheBytes(track);
       const isImmediateNext = queue[queueIndex + 1]?.id === job.trackId;
-      if (!isImmediateNext && occupied + est > maxBytes) continue;
+      if (!isImmediateNext && occupied + est > maxBytes) {
+        hotCacheFrontendDebug({
+          event: 'prefetch-skip-job',
+          trackId: job.trackId,
+          reason: 'budget-protected-window-plus-estimate',
+          occupied,
+          estimateBytes: est,
+          maxBytes,
+        });
+        continue;
+      }
 
       const url = buildStreamUrl(job.trackId);
       try {
         const customDir = auth.hotCacheDownloadDir || null;
+        hotCacheFrontendDebug({ event: 'prefetch-invoke', trackId: job.trackId });
         const res = await invoke<{ path: string; size: number }>('download_track_hot_cache', {
           trackId: job.trackId,
           serverId: job.serverId,
@@ -150,7 +214,8 @@ async function runWorker() {
           suffix: job.suffix,
           customDir,
         });
-        useHotCacheStore.getState().setEntry(job.trackId, job.serverId, res.path, res.size);
+        useHotCacheStore.getState().setEntry(job.trackId, job.serverId, res.path, res.size, 'prefetch');
+        hotCacheFrontendDebug({ event: 'prefetch-stored', trackId: job.trackId, sizeBytes: res.size });
         const fresh = usePlayerStore.getState();
         const authAfter = useAuthStore.getState();
         const maxAfter = Math.max(0, authAfter.hotCacheMaxMb) * 1024 * 1024;
@@ -161,8 +226,8 @@ async function runWorker() {
           authAfter.activeServerId ?? '',
           authAfter.hotCacheDownloadDir || null,
         );
-      } catch {
-        /* network / HTTP — skip */
+      } catch (e: unknown) {
+        hotCacheFrontendDebug({ event: 'prefetch-download-failed', trackId: job.trackId, error: String(e) });
       }
     }
   } finally {
@@ -199,30 +264,55 @@ async function replanNow() {
   if (maxBytes <= 0) return;
 
   const { queue, queueIndex, currentRadio } = usePlayerStore.getState();
-  if (currentRadio) return;
+  if (currentRadio) {
+    hotCacheFrontendDebug({ event: 'replan-skip', reason: 'radio-mode' });
+    return;
+  }
 
   const offline = useOfflineStore.getState();
-  const hot = useHotCacheStore.getState();
 
-  await hot.evictToFit(queue, queueIndex, maxBytes, serverId, customDir);
+  await useHotCacheStore.getState().evictToFit(queue, queueIndex, maxBytes, serverId, customDir);
+
+  // Must read entries after eviction: the pre-evict snapshot still lists removed keys and would
+  // skip prefetch for upcoming tracks that no longer have on-disk rows.
+  const hotEntries = useHotCacheStore.getState().entries;
 
   const targets = queue.slice(queueIndex + 1, queueIndex + 1 + PREFETCH_AHEAD);
   const immediateNextId = queue[queueIndex + 1]?.id;
-  let projectedOccupied = sumCachedBytesInProtectedWindow(queue, queueIndex, serverId, hot.entries);
+  let projectedOccupied = sumCachedBytesInProtectedWindow(queue, queueIndex, serverId, hotEntries);
   const jobs: PrefetchJob[] = [];
+  const skipped: { trackId: string; reason: string }[] = [];
   for (const t of targets) {
-    if (offline.isDownloaded(t.id, serverId)) continue;
-    if (hot.entries[entryKey(serverId, t.id)]) continue;
+    if (offline.isDownloaded(t.id, serverId)) {
+      skipped.push({ trackId: t.id, reason: 'offline-library' });
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (hotEntries[entryKey(serverId, t.id)]) {
+      skipped.push({ trackId: t.id, reason: 'already-in-hot-index' });
+      continue;
+    }
     const isImmediateNext = t.id === immediateNextId;
     if (isImmediateNext) {
       jobs.push({ trackId: t.id, serverId, suffix: t.suffix || 'mp3' });
       continue;
     }
     const est = estimateTrackHotCacheBytes(t);
-    if (projectedOccupied + est > maxBytes) break;
+    if (projectedOccupied + est > maxBytes) {
+      skipped.push({ trackId: t.id, reason: 'budget-cap-rest-deferred' });
+      break;
+    }
     projectedOccupied += est;
     jobs.push({ trackId: t.id, serverId, suffix: t.suffix || 'mp3' });
   }
+  hotCacheFrontendDebug({
+    event: 'replan',
+    queueIndex,
+    aheadCount: targets.length,
+    scheduledIds: jobs.map(j => j.trackId),
+    skipped,
+    projectedOccupiedBytes: projectedOccupied,
+    maxBytes,
+  });
   enqueueJobs(jobs);
 }
 
@@ -266,6 +356,7 @@ export function initHotCachePrefetch(): () => void {
     }
 
     if (!state.hotCacheEnabled || !state.isLoggedIn) {
+      hotCacheFrontendDebug({ event: 'prefetch-auth-off', clearedPending: pendingQueue.length });
       pendingQueue.length = 0;
       clearHotCachePreviousGrace();
       return;
@@ -286,6 +377,13 @@ export function initHotCachePrefetch(): () => void {
 
     if (budgetSettingsChanged) {
       if (prev && state.hotCacheMaxMb < prev.hotCacheMaxMb) {
+        hotCacheFrontendDebug({
+          event: 'prefetch-pending-cleared',
+          reason: 'hot-cache-max-mb-decreased',
+          prevMb: prev.hotCacheMaxMb,
+          nextMb: state.hotCacheMaxMb,
+          droppedJobs: pendingQueue.length,
+        });
         pendingQueue.length = 0;
       }
       void replanNow();

src/store/hotCacheStore.ts

@@ -20,7 +20,13 @@ interface HotCacheState {
   /** Persisted map `${serverId}:${trackId}` → file meta */
   entries: Record<string, HotCacheEntry>;
   getLocalUrl: (trackId: string, serverId: string) => string | null;
-  setEntry: (trackId: string, serverId: string, localPath: string, sizeBytes: number) => void;
+  setEntry: (
+    trackId: string,
+    serverId: string,
+    localPath: string,
+    sizeBytes: number,
+    debugSource?: string,
+  ) => void;
   /** Bump LRU when the user actually plays this track (if it is in the hot cache). */
   touchPlayed: (trackId: string, serverId: string) => void;
   removeEntry: (trackId: string, serverId: string) => void;
@@ -51,6 +57,29 @@ function lruStamp(meta: HotCacheEntry | undefined): number {
   return meta.lastPlayedAt ?? meta.cachedAt ?? 0;
 }
 
+function evictionReasonForTier(tier: number): string {
+  const labels: Record<number, string> = {
+    0: 'inactive-server',
+    1: 'not-in-queue',
+    2: 'ahead-of-protected-window',
+    3: 'behind-current-in-queue',
+  };
+  return labels[tier] ?? `tier-${tier}`;
+}
+
+/** Settings → Logging → Debug, same as `emitNormalizationDebug` / lucky-mix. Dynamic `authStore` import avoids a static cycle (auth → player → hot-cache). */
+function hotCacheFrontendDebug(payload: Record<string, unknown>): void {
+  void import('./authStore')
+    .then(({ useAuthStore }) => {
+      if (useAuthStore.getState().loggingMode !== 'debug') return;
+      return invoke('frontend_debug_log', {
+        scope: 'hot-cache',
+        message: JSON.stringify(payload),
+      });
+    })
+    .catch(() => {});
+}
+
 export const useHotCacheStore = create<HotCacheState>()(
   persist(
     (set, get) => ({
@@ -62,7 +91,7 @@ export const useHotCacheStore = create<HotCacheState>()(
         return `psysonic-local://${e.localPath}`;
       },
 
-      setEntry: (trackId, serverId, localPath, sizeBytes) => {
+      setEntry: (trackId, serverId, localPath, sizeBytes, debugSource) => {
         const now = Date.now();
         set(s => ({
           entries: {
@@ -75,6 +104,13 @@ export const useHotCacheStore = create<HotCacheState>()(
             },
           },
         }));
+        hotCacheFrontendDebug({
+          event: 'index-add',
+          trackId,
+          serverId,
+          sizeBytes,
+          source: debugSource ?? 'unknown',
+        });
       },
 
       touchPlayed: (trackId, serverId) => {
@@ -97,6 +133,12 @@ export const useHotCacheStore = create<HotCacheState>()(
           delete next[entryKey(serverId, trackId)];
           return { entries: next };
         });
+        hotCacheFrontendDebug({
+          event: 'index-remove',
+          trackId,
+          serverId,
+          reason: 'explicit-removeEntry',
+        });
         emitAnalysisStorageChanged({ trackId, reason: 'hotcache-delete' });
       },
 
@@ -157,8 +199,31 @@ export const useHotCacheStore = create<HotCacheState>()(
           return a.lru - b.lru;
         });
 
-        for (const { key } of cands) {
+        if (cands.length === 0) {
+          hotCacheFrontendDebug({
+            event: 'evict-no-candidates',
+            sumBytes: sum,
+            maxBytes,
+            queueIndex,
+            entryKeys: keys.length,
+            reason: 'all-protected-or-grace-or-parse-fail',
+          });
+          return;
+        }
+
+        hotCacheFrontendDebug({
+          event: 'evict-start',
+          sumBytes: sum,
+          maxBytes,
+          queueIndex,
+          protectLo,
+          protectHi,
+          candidateCount: cands.length,
+        });
+
+        for (const cand of cands) {
           if (sum <= maxBytes) break;
+          const { key, tier } = cand;
           const meta = entries[key];
           if (!meta) continue;
           const parsed = parseKey(key);
@@ -166,7 +231,24 @@ export const useHotCacheStore = create<HotCacheState>()(
           await invoke('delete_hot_cache_track', {
             localPath: meta.localPath,
             customDir: hotCacheCustomDir || null,
-          }).catch(() => {});
+          }).catch((e: unknown) => {
+            hotCacheFrontendDebug({
+              event: 'evict-disk-delete-failed',
+              trackId: parsed.trackId,
+              serverId: parsed.serverId,
+              error: String(e),
+            });
+          });
+          hotCacheFrontendDebug({
+            event: 'evict-remove',
+            trackId: parsed.trackId,
+            serverId: parsed.serverId,
+            reason: `budget:${evictionReasonForTier(tier)}`,
+            tier,
+            bytes: meta.sizeBytes,
+            sumBytesAfter: sum - (meta.sizeBytes || 0),
+            maxBytes,
+          });
           sum -= meta.sizeBytes || 0;
           delete entries[key];
           emitAnalysisStorageChanged({ trackId: parsed.trackId, reason: 'hotcache-delete' });
@@ -176,6 +258,10 @@ export const useHotCacheStore = create<HotCacheState>()(
       },
 
       clearAllDisk: async (customDir: string | null) => {
+        hotCacheFrontendDebug({
+          event: 'purge-all',
+          customDir: customDir && customDir.length > 0 ? '(custom)' : 'default',
+        });
         await invoke('purge_hot_cache', { customDir: customDir || null }).catch(() => {});
         set({ entries: {} });
         emitAnalysisStorageChanged({ trackId: null, reason: 'hotcache-purge' });

src/store/playerStore.ts

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import { listen } from '@tauri-apps/api/event';
 import { showToast } from '../utils/toast';
 import { buildCoverArtUrl, buildStreamUrl, getPlayQueue, savePlayQueue, reportNowPlaying, scrobbleSong, SubsonicSong, getSong, getRandomSongs, getSimilarSongs2, getTopSongs, InternetRadioStation, setRating } from '../api/subsonic';
 import { resolvePlaybackUrl, streamUrlTrackId, getPlaybackSourceKind, type PlaybackSourceKind } from '../utils/resolvePlaybackUrl';
+import { redactSubsonicUrlForLog } from '../utils/redactSubsonicUrl';
 import { setDeferHotCachePrefetch } from '../utils/hotCacheGate';
 import { lastfmScrobble, lastfmUpdateNowPlaying, lastfmLoveTrack, lastfmUnloveTrack, lastfmGetTrackLoved, lastfmGetAllLovedTracks } from '../api/lastfm';
 import { useAuthStore } from './authStore';
@@ -270,25 +271,34 @@ type WaveformCachePayload = {
   updatedAt: number;
 };
 
+/** v4: `500` peak + `500` mean-abs = `1000` bytes. Legacy single curve: `500` (treated as mean=max). */
+function waveformBlobLenOk(len: number): boolean {
+  return len === 500 || len === 1000;
+}
+
 /** `Vec<u8>` from Rust often arrives as `Uint8Array`, not `Array.isArray`. */
 function coerceWaveformBins(bins: unknown): number[] | null {
   if (bins == null) return null;
+  let raw: number[] | null = null;
   if (Array.isArray(bins)) {
-    return bins.length > 0 ? bins.map(x => Number(x) & 255) : null;
-  }
-  if (bins instanceof Uint8Array) {
-    return bins.length > 0 ? Array.from(bins) : null;
-  }
-  if (typeof bins === 'object' && 'length' in bins && typeof (bins as { length: unknown }).length === 'number') {
+    if (bins.length === 0) return null;
+    raw = bins.map(x => Number(x) & 255);
+  } else if (bins instanceof Uint8Array) {
+    if (bins.length === 0) return null;
+    raw = Array.from(bins);
+  } else if (typeof bins === 'object' && 'length' in bins && typeof (bins as { length: unknown }).length === 'number') {
     const len = (bins as { length: number }).length;
     if (len === 0) return null;
     try {
-      return Array.from(bins as ArrayLike<number>).map(x => Number(x) & 255);
+      raw = Array.from(bins as ArrayLike<number>).map(x => Number(x) & 255);
     } catch {
       return null;
     }
+  } else {
+    return null;
   }
-  return null;
+  if (!waveformBlobLenOk(raw.length)) return null;
+  return raw;
 }
 
 type LoudnessCachePayload = {
@@ -608,8 +618,22 @@ function touchHotCacheOnPlayback(trackId: string, serverId: string) {
   useHotCacheStore.getState().touchPlayed(trackId, serverId);
 }
 
-/** Coalesce concurrent `analysis_get_waveform_for_track` for one id (StrictMode double mount, init + queue restore). */
-const waveformRefreshInflight = new Map<string, Promise<void>>();
+/** Last-write-wins generation per track: avoids applying a stale empty waveform read when
+ * `analysis:waveform-updated` bumps gen after SQLite commit while an older `analysis_get_waveform_for_track`
+ * is still in flight. Gen is bumped only on explicit invalidation (waveform-updated, analysis storage),
+ * not on every `refreshWaveformForTrack` call — otherwise bursts (Lucky Mix, queue) cancel each other. */
+const waveformRefreshGenByTrackId: Record<string, number> = {};
+
+function bumpWaveformRefreshGen(trackId: string) {
+  if (!trackId) return;
+  waveformRefreshGenByTrackId[trackId] = (waveformRefreshGenByTrackId[trackId] ?? 0) + 1;
+}
+
+/** Coalesce concurrent `analysis_get_loudness_for_track` for one id+mode pair. The
+ *  analysis:waveform-updated listener fires refreshWaveform + refreshLoudness in
+ *  parallel for every full-track analysis completion; without coalescing, gapless
+ *  preload + current-track completion can stack two SQLite reads + two state writes. */
+const loudnessRefreshInflight = new Map<string, Promise<void>>();
 
 /** Skip redundant `audio_set_normalization` IPC when the same payload is sent twice within a short window (e.g. StrictMode). */
 let lastNormAudioInvokeKey = '';
@@ -630,6 +654,42 @@ function invokeAudioSetNormalizationDeduped(payload: {
   void invoke('audio_set_normalization', payload).catch(() => {});
 }
 
+/**
+ * Skip redundant `audio_update_replay_gain` IPC when the same payload was sent
+ * recently. updateReplayGainForCurrentTrack runs from the analysis:loudness-partial
+ * listener (~every 900 ms while LUFS is on); without dedupe each tick triggers a
+ * full IPC roundtrip + backend audio:normalization-state echo + frontend setState,
+ * which saturates the WebView2 renderer thread on Windows after a few minutes.
+ */
+let lastRgInvokeKey = '';
+let lastRgInvokeAtMs = 0;
+
+function invokeAudioUpdateReplayGainDeduped(payload: {
+  volume: number;
+  replayGainDb: number | null;
+  replayGainPeak: number | null;
+  loudnessGainDb: number | null;
+  preGainDb: number;
+  fallbackDb: number;
+}) {
+  const fmt = (v: number | null) => (v == null || !Number.isFinite(v) ? 'null' : v.toFixed(3));
+  const key = [
+    payload.volume.toFixed(4),
+    fmt(payload.replayGainDb),
+    fmt(payload.replayGainPeak),
+    fmt(payload.loudnessGainDb),
+    payload.preGainDb.toFixed(2),
+    payload.fallbackDb.toFixed(2),
+  ].join('|');
+  const now = Date.now();
+  if (key === lastRgInvokeKey && now - lastRgInvokeAtMs < 250) {
+    return;
+  }
+  lastRgInvokeKey = key;
+  lastRgInvokeAtMs = now;
+  invoke('audio_update_replay_gain', payload).catch(console.error);
+}
+
 function isReplayGainActive() {
   const a = useAuthStore.getState();
   return a.normalizationEngine === 'replaygain' && a.replayGainEnabled;
@@ -698,42 +758,44 @@ async function reseedLoudnessForTrackId(trackId: string) {
 
 async function refreshWaveformForTrack(trackId: string) {
   if (!trackId) return;
-  let job = waveformRefreshInflight.get(trackId);
-  if (!job) {
-    const p = (async () => {
-      try {
-        const row = await invoke<WaveformCachePayload | null>('analysis_get_waveform_for_track', { trackId });
-        // Never apply bins for a non-current track (e.g. gapless byte-preload fetches the neighbour).
-        if (usePlayerStore.getState().currentTrack?.id !== trackId) return;
-        const bins = row ? coerceWaveformBins(row.bins) : null;
-        if (!bins || bins.length === 0) {
-          usePlayerStore.setState({
-            waveformBins: null,
-          });
-          return;
-        }
-        usePlayerStore.setState({
-          waveformBins: bins,
-        });
-      } catch {
-        // best-effort; seekbar falls back to placeholder waveform
-      }
-    })();
-    job = p.finally(() => {
-      waveformRefreshInflight.delete(trackId);
+  const gen = waveformRefreshGenByTrackId[trackId] ?? 0;
+  try {
+    const row = await invoke<WaveformCachePayload | null>('analysis_get_waveform_for_track', { trackId });
+    if ((waveformRefreshGenByTrackId[trackId] ?? 0) !== gen) return;
+    // Never apply bins for a non-current track (e.g. gapless byte-preload fetches the neighbour).
+    if (usePlayerStore.getState().currentTrack?.id !== trackId) return;
+    const bins = row ? coerceWaveformBins(row.bins) : null;
+    if (!bins || bins.length === 0) {
+      usePlayerStore.setState({
+        waveformBins: null,
+      });
+      return;
+    }
+    usePlayerStore.setState({
+      waveformBins: bins,
     });
-    waveformRefreshInflight.set(trackId, job);
+  } catch {
+    // best-effort; seekbar falls back to placeholder waveform
   }
-  await job;
 }
 
 /** When `syncPlayingEngine` is false, only update `cachedLoudnessGainByTrackId` (e.g. queue neighbour) — do not call `audio_update_replay_gain` for the already-playing track. */
 async function refreshLoudnessForTrack(
   trackId: string,
   opts?: { syncPlayingEngine?: boolean },
-) {
+): Promise<void> {
   if (!trackId) return;
   const syncEngine = opts?.syncPlayingEngine !== false;
+  const inflightKey = `${trackId}|${syncEngine ? 'sync' : 'no-sync'}`;
+  const existing = loudnessRefreshInflight.get(inflightKey);
+  if (existing) return existing;
+  const job = (async () => { await runRefreshLoudnessForTrack(trackId, syncEngine); })()
+    .finally(() => { loudnessRefreshInflight.delete(inflightKey); });
+  loudnessRefreshInflight.set(inflightKey, job);
+  return job;
+}
+
+async function runRefreshLoudnessForTrack(trackId: string, syncEngine: boolean): Promise<void> {
   emitNormalizationDebug('refresh:start', { trackId });
   usePlayerStore.setState({ normalizationDbgSource: 'refresh:start', normalizationDbgTrackId: trackId });
   try {
@@ -753,7 +815,11 @@ async function refreshLoudnessForTrack(
         analysisBackfillInFlightByTrackId[trackId] = true;
         analysisBackfillAttemptsByTrackId[trackId] = attempts + 1;
         const url = buildStreamUrl(trackId);
-        emitNormalizationDebug('backfill:enqueue', { trackId, url, attempt: attempts + 1 });
+        emitNormalizationDebug('backfill:enqueue', {
+          trackId,
+          url: redactSubsonicUrlForLog(url),
+          attempt: attempts + 1,
+        });
         void invoke('analysis_enqueue_seed_from_url', { trackId, url })
           .then(() => emitNormalizationDebug('backfill:queued', { trackId, attempt: attempts + 1 }))
           .catch((e) => emitNormalizationDebug('backfill:error', { trackId, error: String(e) }))
@@ -832,7 +898,7 @@ async function promoteCompletedStreamToHotCache(track: Track, serverId: string,
       },
     );
     if (!res || !res.path) return;
-    useHotCacheStore.getState().setEntry(track.id, serverId, res.path, res.size || 0);
+    useHotCacheStore.getState().setEntry(track.id, serverId, res.path, res.size || 0, 'stream-promote');
   } catch {
     // best-effort promotion; normal hot-cache prefetch remains fallback
   }
@@ -1227,6 +1293,12 @@ export function initAudioListeners(): () => void {
       if (payloadTrackId && payloadTrackId !== current.id) return;
       if (!Number.isFinite(payload.gainDb)) return;
       if (stableLoudnessGainByTrackId[current.id]) return;
+      // Skip when the cached gain is already within ~0.05 dB of the new payload —
+      // float jitter from the partial-loudness heuristic would otherwise re-trigger
+      // updateReplayGainForCurrentTrack → audio_update_replay_gain → backend echo
+      // every PARTIAL_LOUDNESS_EMIT_INTERVAL_MS even when nothing audibly changed.
+      const existing = cachedLoudnessGainByTrackId[current.id];
+      if (Number.isFinite(existing) && Math.abs(existing - payload.gainDb) < 0.05) return;
       cachedLoudnessGainByTrackId[current.id] = payload.gainDb;
       emitNormalizationDebug('partial-loudness:apply', {
         trackId: current.id,
@@ -1242,6 +1314,7 @@ export function initAudioListeners(): () => void {
       const currentRaw = usePlayerStore.getState().currentTrack?.id;
       const currentId = currentRaw ? normalizeAnalysisTrackId(currentRaw) : null;
       if (currentId && payloadTrackId === currentId) {
+        bumpWaveformRefreshGen(currentRaw!);
         void refreshWaveformForTrack(currentRaw!);
         void refreshLoudnessForTrack(currentId);
         emitNormalizationDebug('backfill:applied', { trackId: currentId });
@@ -1410,6 +1483,7 @@ export function initAudioListeners(): () => void {
     const currentId = usePlayerStore.getState().currentTrack?.id;
     if (!currentId) return;
     if (detail.trackId && detail.trackId !== currentId) return;
+    bumpWaveformRefreshGen(currentId);
     void refreshWaveformForTrack(currentId);
     void refreshLoudnessForTrack(currentId);
   });
@@ -2620,14 +2694,14 @@ export const usePlayerStore = create<PlayerState>()(
           normalizationTargetLufs: normalization.normalizationTargetLufs,
           normalizationEngineLive: normalization.normalizationEngineLive,
         }));
-        invoke('audio_update_replay_gain', {
-           volume,
-           replayGainDb,
-           replayGainPeak,
-           loudnessGainDb: currentTrack ? (cachedLoudnessGainByTrackId[currentTrack.id] ?? null) : null,
-           preGainDb: authState.replayGainPreGainDb,
-           fallbackDb: authState.replayGainFallbackDb,
-         }).catch(console.error);
+        invokeAudioUpdateReplayGainDeduped({
+          volume,
+          replayGainDb,
+          replayGainPeak,
+          loudnessGainDb: currentTrack ? (cachedLoudnessGainByTrackId[currentTrack.id] ?? null) : null,
+          preGainDb: authState.replayGainPreGainDb,
+          fallbackDb: authState.replayGainFallbackDb,
+        });
        },
     }),
     {

src/utils/redactSubsonicUrl.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+/**
+ * Masks Subsonic wire-auth query params so debug logs are safe to copy.
+ * (`t` salt, `s` token hash, `p` password when present.)
+ */
+export function redactSubsonicUrlForLog(url: string): string {
+  if (!url || !url.includes('stream.view')) return url;
+  try {
+    const u = new URL(url);
+    // Placeholder must stay URL-safe (no `<>` — URLSearchParams percent-encodes them).
+    for (const k of ['t', 's', 'p'] as const) {
+      if (u.searchParams.has(k)) u.searchParams.set(k, 'REDACTED');
+    }
+    return u.toString();
+  } catch {
+    return url.replace(/([?&])(t|s|p)=([^&]*)/gi, (_m, sep: string, key: string) => `${sep}${key}=REDACTED`);
+  }
+}